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4 D, [0 ]7 J- D. DTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网$ o% T! G+ s( C8 [2 z- |mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ$ P6 d: ]% g3 M5 T* X. K$ f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。9 }* p: e' H; }/ D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:9 |6 _; l' g4 S& A5 @" T7 g, r( Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. c, Z& x9 U- [0 q; J- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; l# j5 F8 Y7 p/ o' M& d; {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:- I. L: c0 r$ z1 V5 Q/ O7 x) [9 o
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9 m c$ b1 d3 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。$ r$ d0 \$ i- O8 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 |8 n" e& W* v% }# c9 L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:( O3 B+ e; J) g6 p
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! J- T# B+ E) B; m0 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。# M+ s! H, X7 n, B( l2 v& H. w
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. v0 Y: w" M" `+ @ c1 G/ Y2 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:2 _% X. P2 p; b+ L) f: U
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* i7 X E7 V8 j: t' O( @8 [: ^% Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?$ a3 w- G2 L8 `) g8 c. \: Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ `- d" U. N; O! L8 R
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2 T. y( T8 S7 y5 h( G5 imso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:: p/ w5 Q. K7 Z3 V# V+ c* c Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ B( B2 L% v+ z+ f9 ^
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. M4 d; y, z; L; T; M$ w7 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。) K7 ~# _/ I8 J; `& l( @: l. I& [$ h; N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。2 r3 c4 ^7 {+ e
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4 E, t; o# M6 C5 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:3 `9 {, E: B* m" q
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2 i }5 u: }! u+ J9 N5 x/ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 p& h8 B% _. m1 b6 S
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7 f% a8 s* o6 v5 r1 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:" A' [2 P1 P5 S6 ?% [9 G. Y) b0pt">"6 s$ @: D3 P f' @* R7 n, E9 c
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/ O* F6 e5 G8 q3 S, rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。* n4 y# N5 J2 j9 ~. R
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! x0 G/ T! f( L6 L: ~! A4 G9 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:2 _1 {. N" |/ @% S) K" |( ?% [+ E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢3 @+ E* w* P% |* [( X0 o/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">?" . a# _' {2 t! X# U. H) z
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. o. `6 w+ m' P3 b( B( t: O6 u/ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:- f8 A7 l7 e Q0 ?- i, ] y( x) hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 o, _& t. r' ^8 D: T' z$ b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。+ L& C8 M8 J) ]% U: `& p7 v5 n: Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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) J' G8 k0 ~' P& V9 d) bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是! O7 R$ Q: s0 k' z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 q2 l( Q4 M# V% b" Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- j; U; n9 U; t% D
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4 ]) W9 h( M9 S5 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得 D& h, |/ r9 l1 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 p0 h$ _7 N; v$ P# D& p0 d/ y6 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, Y# g! a+ e6 j6 C0 S% a9 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 [! ~6 M* w! z3 U5 emso-font-kerning:0pt">”! l) D# ^0 W4 |% |( O
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; f$ H2 V7 D# d* Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲6 ~, O& g* J; H2 t, m' ^2 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,4 i1 {1 _0 n' k0 X! I: l* A
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3 ^. j+ Y& y7 M. p: T2 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。. {* g) e4 X6 j" M8 b
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6 s4 _" X, R p" Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- [7 g' b, I. \' f+ P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义3 }: b: {$ f# C0 Z9 u1 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。& z# S/ {' O% F7 L% y" _: p7 F5 N4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊( b. O: s) w2 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。0 o$ ~6 `3 B$ a7 ?# E1 i
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. y: J% H+ x1 P4 r* ]; Q( Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。 j( v3 e) P. n0 p$ N9 [: m, M
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. p5 B* l- m" O1 E7 i- \* Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:" |- V( B' X, B
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$ S s* ?4 m7 b5 Z' Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。% x0 f2 I# E) U) B8 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ r* u* v9 K% O( E0 V4 v5 H8 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 k. H- c" E4 D9 _+ Y! U" K% m* s6 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个# H& `5 |6 `2 a2 E" Q: s/ A
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! t8 V% u1 q! d0 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为5 V7 _$ z7 J2 i5 l; j# j' L4 ^
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3 ~/ Q q" S* r+ ?' |; xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。. Q2 G9 I( E) ?% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 ?% h y( N. i4 L4 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的# k3 F( u8 }7 N! x( i$ Y8 U, N
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