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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 P' T' t6 r7 {0 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">2- ^2 S- F: C( a! dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 @, \! X' Y* y
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+ |$ k* k& X5 `6 ]4 m( Z9 a1 W) Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 O3 ~. [& K i& @/ y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# J, D, c' \0 d/ n8 u- xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& W5 g: W/ I/ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: j( {- D, P. l3 `+ c/ @. Q/ s
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. e% f1 D0 `. R" v3 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经5 @% a0 x# {' q& U/ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。6 a9 y7 V$ x! t8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" n, f. F! E# F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是6 R- C' O2 x5 h) N5 y: p" f
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8 v, y6 r9 f' D- d% i, cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？7 x7 h! V- y/ ~0 h, ?
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) s3 G( ^) N0 @8 t5 r# _ kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，6 T2 C4 @: i/ z# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 A" V2 ~, b! F1 s0 K8 G0 ]6 {$ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; [) { a8 y8 C! D. c' d+ I1 N3 t% D
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# \3 ]* _2 l: Z; d0 U7 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。( L( Q6 C8 e$ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 C8 @; O' j1 b
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: n: g! f5 ^. g1 Q% X$ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：8 ]# g/ j8 g5 [! z6 {( L1 X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐% p1 c4 p5 |0 Q+ v( k3 h6 p5 Z6 I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 a# g) X4 C: { \( o( w# p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">•0 _! [+ |+ Q6 n( j0 y4 `9 R+ c$ g
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( K5 T, y4 @9 I4 O1 U; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种( N9 K. a/ U! b/ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; e. e. N3 m& G& T T
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" L9 I$ |; M4 k0 N8 q( Z7 Z8 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的2 Y' R; u* X! [$ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 y, Z1 }3 ]) \1 [- o$ O2 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ d2 Z0 G0 ^+ n0 |5 g+ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐0 z( B) |' k; y. h. N
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% Z4 N# V J R4 I0 j% E) g) jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，2 }- u' G9 c# D$ x* [! _8 N* j' kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' D( ^$ h6 a5 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ T( m2 p! x% a5 p/ H: \" hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教5 l0 }$ g$ Q! b: S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教' m X" h$ I ?$ U! G
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+ m. R4 H. q% @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。& u y' t4 h N) W* g9 H. n0 m; a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌/ v/ ?: Z' e, p- }' U+ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">305+ y$ a" @1 C' u5 e g+ m, ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: Q' P: R+ k' `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视. y/ y$ k+ r* J0 P- \: ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“" \' y! g( W e$ y1 M, Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ ^/ ]9 G# \1 i3 `% g2 s& H) |/ Z5 y9 i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗& A3 p4 X5 b' ?1 ?0 r/ y! n* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ @, `& k" N: j, O* Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% `$ e1 G4 `( X: L7 d" {5 }2 p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：; y# ?" a! }2 O# G. d2 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 w! f# S' `* ]& y7 e+ ^7 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ K! Y% i/ o: a2 f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。, v7 Z- H" l: A5 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ^& J& J( }$ N3 v) G" d- \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 \3 L& N# W$ N p/ I0 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 Q# X; P# {! @" {6 }; xmso-font-kerning:0pt">•; v% `! u# X$ i% b# B p+ F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ e$ [7 s5 J4 @3 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 v+ r6 t: ]$ ~! v
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/ F z1 m" g) a: {1 M/ qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。 _! O- }' \9 p7 c! R: t D5 r
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& X1 D" c7 ?4 d" w9 a0 ^' Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- _$ l; U1 u+ L. Amso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 X. M9 S/ S! G7 e1 b4 O6 v! j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过$ r* _* X7 R3 v, x! ~. M" O7 Y4 |# Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“- I: M4 w5 ^' G8 |1 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. k* W5 _; h; ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨! v" K$ k, t6 ~) C; s5 U% \" G
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! }+ W; x' k3 K- Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人, k7 ]7 L* Q3 l4 U( F
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- _6 A' x8 A0 I/ Y3 s5 C5 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪# J# f5 ]2 Q9 v/ k3 k7 g
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) q3 H& w6 Q3 b/ Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。, A" K' @/ P6 {) I6 b" [. hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & s: q: B% h( Z( C+ S/ x
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9 A- B- [8 z9 h2 C ~& D# Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。, y6 `( Z0 J$ g+ r% C8 `/ M3 M0 |9 l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。+ {( i( F) N6 e' x$ k5 W5 a+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 S: [* W) x/ V, W8 {# U
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" @+ c4 P% O+ v. S* }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 _) h+ a$ \& H! Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " n k/ Z% p, i6 {
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$ f6 M! S) l. ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。/ l3 s0 }1 Y- ^! \2 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ W9 y9 e6 z: d% T6 \) ]) ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' ^ u$ i5 P3 W6 F. U, [
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# @0 x$ i+ [: k0 f% d, bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 h3 q1 u0 C2 K) G Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 b4 m' E, Z3 H# {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。; H& _) ]3 N; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。% \" X* Z: }+ |3 ]/ c3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" j# @& o4 [- f9 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ b" Y" `3 }; X; p% ^7 w
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于8 H1 L8 Q9 H* |( T% t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观% W( Z% u" h* w1 A
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1 S5 }% ?$ |) t% Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨, N' j' t0 a+ E1 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓 y# S. n' |. W; L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 o3 b, D9 f$ ]$ x! Y! {/ V x0 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓% E, J4 i+ p% ~# l7 ^2 T; n5 e
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$ p2 a9 p+ Y; h/ Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 P/ Z6 w" N0 h. |. f- H" C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓& c( p. l x5 a6 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! _& q) i" c0 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”& d9 H* l; f2 I; S [4 h8 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ _8 D" `, @% q" I& w# Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 k0 i; I2 p( o7 n+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“: g* r2 k3 d- ~7 N: b. ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' i9 s9 |, u) [+ B& {3 B$ v( u- P
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% `! K" h3 j2 `8 v' Q3 }5 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 q% X# b5 h/ D) ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">.) k8 J& R" m Y2 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 q. k2 T! I" R* u# A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能+ A/ ^" g8 T1 _/ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 j& c& I* Z$ I& A# k5 c& u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒- o! M6 C+ G+ R9 i6 y: M+ @. Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”( t5 }/ x4 N% D) S4 j) d4 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( c( ?, U0 x( ^: E8 W* q5 C$ E1 E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹1 [5 b R6 g, c+ a& H
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8 i' e4 @2 H7 O8 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人) @; s- ^" W9 R5 i K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪, e R0 W5 c& i, y" h {/ m, e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。2 J6 b) l& }9 j+ H1 omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。 N5 L1 L, [$ g! |1 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">1 K7 B, F2 N! v* E/ o1 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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9 g& [' w/ \- y$ \6 s! K: D! aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。/ R( v# F: u; z! Q" F/ y
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% Y( u" _8 J$ ^5 w3 e$ K3 j& s/ DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧8 B3 `; ^6 A4 v- d( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
