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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 1 W1 y3 c: l' C/ [, P1 |
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. r: x& q9 B6 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* ^. g6 v$ i9 ~$ V- y2 u# I
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( A4 y1 p, w' h. A5 J8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。: \* o, x% ?- j+ D# C* wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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+ q) g ?% |. N8 \: oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。8 ]7 i3 V# C% s( k: bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) Z% A. s; F b- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。, C [9 M; I7 l# O, T5 Q8 F# E1 V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？3 n! T( _/ U' K E1 f4 Y8 Tcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。! k& x6 J! T7 A ]+ z/ a, ~3 m0 umso-font-kerning:0pt"> - g& R' \8 O9 ?6 _: o: d
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" }" V2 a7 v" f0 @* R( CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 v$ a6 U" I2 ~& ^ [* |
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* ? n8 q/ W: s3 ]! I1 v- B% STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢9 \/ L& H# |1 h* l# Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。9 C" C- g* c1 R1 A* ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新/ e4 X* d, E* V8 U6 j, {
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- @$ f y) m s3 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白, `* a/ s7 x; H9 h R
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7 a3 s- d2 U8 V! o+ p# {; a( j4 a. [: N; P) @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学) y$ D3 I9 p* [) N! L5 K5 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' y5 L6 _; d/ g+ ?1 @6 Z! O/ ~; Y" XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么3 z3 Y# j( q0 @! P5 T" y2 f% Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— F3 T* f, K, H3 H' w9 J' V7 U
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* h" }7 H7 H* e" u. B! P3 W( |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？9 a3 o# `- j- {9 G* Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 d5 Q' a+ j! h( j# U' S) \( s0 U: tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊; b. j2 G3 c! N/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚5 Z" M; F3 E- I! t4 w; Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 I( |& {) A& T8 _7 ]! ~Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：( h, W- ^, q) y2 K j0pt"> - u/ n' P: Y) @) H Q5 c+ N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！% U/ m( Q! _9 s, y, T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( A% K" X& n! ~; u) p$ |1 e4 dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ P6 U" {, n/ F8 Q! t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是2 Y; q. {1 }! k
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( Z8 L) O! _* Z, Y+ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题$ t4 b# m3 E. v
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# @5 `$ v" m4 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! w$ F. _& R% _3 Z# W4 S
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+ N: d, O) T- W# |4 U$ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴3 C1 Q6 T3 [, ^; Y* Q- Y* n
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$ Z/ O3 a- {* v4 N/ P1 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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